C++: Maze Generation

Generate and show a maze, using the simple Depth-first search algorithm.

Start at a random cell.
Mark the current cell as visited, and get a list of its neighbors. For each neighbor, starting with a randomly selected neighbor:

If that neighbor hasn’t been visited, remove the wall between this cell and that neighbor, and then recurse with that neighbor as the current cell.

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
using namespace std;

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const int BMP_SIZE = 512, CELL_SIZE = 8;

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
enum directions { NONE, NOR = 1, EAS = 2, SOU = 4, WES = 8 };

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class myBitmap
{
public:
	myBitmap() : pen( NULL ) {}
	~myBitmap()
	{
		DeleteObject( pen );
		DeleteDC( hdc );
		DeleteObject( bmp );
	}

	bool create( int w, int h )
	{
		BITMAPINFO	bi;
		ZeroMemory( &bi, sizeof( bi ) );
		bi.bmiHeader.biSize	   = sizeof( bi.bmiHeader );
		bi.bmiHeader.biBitCount	   = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
		bi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
		bi.bmiHeader.biPlanes	   = 1;
		bi.bmiHeader.biWidth	   =  w;
		bi.bmiHeader.biHeight	   = -h;

		HDC dc = GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() );
		bmp = CreateDIBSection( dc, &bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &pBits, NULL, 0 );
		if( !bmp ) return false;

		hdc = CreateCompatibleDC( dc );
		SelectObject( hdc, bmp );
		ReleaseDC( GetConsoleWindow(), dc ); 
		width = w; height = h;

		return true;
	}

	void clear()
	{
		ZeroMemory( pBits, width * height * sizeof( DWORD ) );
	}

	void setPenColor( DWORD clr )
	{
		if( pen ) DeleteObject( pen );
		pen = CreatePen( PS_SOLID, 1, clr );
		SelectObject( hdc, pen );
	}

	void saveBitmap( string path )
	{
		BITMAPFILEHEADER fileheader;
		BITMAPINFO	 infoheader;
		BITMAP		 bitmap;
		DWORD		 wb;

		GetObject( bmp, sizeof( bitmap ), &bitmap );

		DWORD* dwpBits = new DWORD[bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight];
		ZeroMemory( dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD ) );
		ZeroMemory( &infoheader, sizeof( BITMAPINFO ) );
		ZeroMemory( &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ) );

		infoheader.bmiHeader.biBitCount = sizeof( DWORD ) * 8;
		infoheader.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
		infoheader.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
		infoheader.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader );
		infoheader.bmiHeader.biHeight = bitmap.bmHeight;
		infoheader.bmiHeader.biWidth = bitmap.bmWidth;
		infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * sizeof( DWORD );

		fileheader.bfType    = 0x4D42;
		fileheader.bfOffBits = sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ) + sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER );
		fileheader.bfSize    = fileheader.bfOffBits + infoheader.bmiHeader.biSizeImage;

		GetDIBits( hdc, bmp, 0, height, ( LPVOID )dwpBits, &infoheader, DIB_RGB_COLORS );

		HANDLE file = CreateFile( path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL );
		WriteFile( file, &fileheader, sizeof( BITMAPFILEHEADER ), &wb, NULL );
		WriteFile( file, &infoheader.bmiHeader, sizeof( infoheader.bmiHeader ), &wb, NULL );
		WriteFile( file, dwpBits, bitmap.bmWidth * bitmap.bmHeight * 4, &wb, NULL );
		CloseHandle( file );

		delete [] dwpBits;
	}

	HDC getDC() const     { return hdc; }
	int getWidth() const  { return width; }
	int getHeight() const { return height; }

private:
	HBITMAP bmp;
	HDC	    hdc;
	HPEN    pen;
	void    *pBits;
	int	    width, height;
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class mazeGenerator
{
public:
	mazeGenerator()
	{
		_world = 0; 
		_bmp.create( BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE ); 
		_bmp.setPenColor( RGB( 0, 255, 0 ) ); 
	}

	~mazeGenerator() { killArray(); }

	void create( int side )
	{
		_s = side;
		generate();
		display();
	}

private:
	void generate()
	{
		killArray();
		_world = new BYTE[_s * _s];
		ZeroMemory( _world, _s * _s );
		_ptX = rand() % _s; _ptY = rand() % _s;
		carve();
	}

	void carve()
	{
		while( true )
		{
			int d = getDirection();
			if( d < NOR ) return;

			switch( d )
			{
			case NOR:
				_world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] |= NOR; _ptY--;
				_world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] = SOU | SOU << 4;
				break;
			case EAS:
				_world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] |= EAS; _ptX++;
				_world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] = WES | WES << 4;
				break;
			case SOU:
				_world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] |= SOU; _ptY++;
				_world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] = NOR | NOR << 4;
				break;
			case WES:
				_world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] |= WES; _ptX--;
				_world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] = EAS | EAS << 4;
			}
		}
	}

	void display()
	{
		_bmp.clear();
		HDC dc = _bmp.getDC();
		for( int y = 0; y < _s; y++ )
		{
			int yy = y * _s;
			for( int x = 0; x < _s; x++ )
			{
				BYTE b = _world[x + yy];
				int nx = x * CELL_SIZE, 
				ny = y * CELL_SIZE;

				if( !( b & NOR ) )
				{
					MoveToEx( dc, nx, ny, NULL );
					LineTo( dc, nx + CELL_SIZE + 1, ny );
				}
				if( !( b & EAS ) )
				{
					MoveToEx( dc, nx + CELL_SIZE, ny, NULL );
					LineTo( dc, nx + CELL_SIZE, ny + CELL_SIZE + 1 );
				}
				if( !( b & SOU ) )
				{
					MoveToEx( dc, nx, ny + CELL_SIZE, NULL );
					LineTo( dc, nx + CELL_SIZE + 1, ny + CELL_SIZE );
				}
				if( !( b & WES ) )
				{
					MoveToEx( dc, nx, ny, NULL );
					LineTo( dc, nx, ny + CELL_SIZE + 1 );
				}
			}
		}

		//_bmp.saveBitmap( "f:\\rc\\maze.bmp" );
		BitBlt( GetDC( GetConsoleWindow() ), 10, 60, BMP_SIZE, BMP_SIZE, _bmp.getDC(), 0, 0, SRCCOPY );
	}

	int getDirection()
	{
		int d = 1 << rand() % 4;
		while( true )
		{
			for( int x = 0; x < 4; x++ )
			{
				if( testDir( d ) ) return d;
				d <<= 1;
				if( d > 8 ) d = 1;
			}
			d = ( _world[_ptX + _s * _ptY] & 0xf0 ) >> 4;
			if( !d ) return -1;
			switch( d )
			{
			case NOR: _ptY--; break;
			case EAS: _ptX++; break;
			case SOU: _ptY++; break;
			case WES: _ptX--; break;
			}
			d = 1 << rand() % 4;
		}
	}

	bool testDir( int d )
	{
		switch( d )
		{
		case NOR: return ( _ptY - 1 > -1 && !_world[_ptX + _s * ( _ptY - 1 )] );
		case EAS: return ( _ptX + 1 < _s && !_world[_ptX + 1 + _s * _ptY] );
		case SOU: return ( _ptY + 1 < _s && !_world[_ptX + _s * ( _ptY + 1 )] );
		case WES: return ( _ptX - 1 > -1 && !_world[_ptX - 1 + _s * _ptY] );
		}
		return false;
	}

	void killArray() { if( _world ) delete [] _world; }

	BYTE*    _world;
	int      _s, _ptX, _ptY;
	myBitmap _bmp;
};
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
	ShowWindow( GetConsoleWindow(), SW_MAXIMIZE );
	srand( GetTickCount() );

	mazeGenerator mg;
	int s;
	while( true )
	{
		cout << "Enter the maze size, an odd number bigger than 2 ( 0 to QUIT ): "; cin >> s;
		if( !s ) return 0;
		if( !( s & 1 ) ) s++;
		if( s >= 3 ) mg.create( s );
		cout << endl;
		system( "pause" );
		system( "cls" );
	}
	return 0;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------